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Australia - Oceania
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Jarvis Island
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Page last updated on December 17, 2020
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Australia - Oceania ::
Jarvis Island
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Jarvis Island
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Jarvis Island
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Caption
Jarvis Island as seen from space; a submerged reef extends out from the eastern shore. Jarvis is a US possession located in the south Pacific between the Hawaiian Islands and the Cook Islands. The island was mined for organic nitrate (guano) during the 19th century; it currently is part of the US National Wildlife Refuge system and provides nesting areas and forage for a variety of birds and marine wildlife.
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Introduction :: Jarvis Island
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First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858 but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano deposits had been removed for use in producing fertilizer. The UK annexed the island in 1889 but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. Abandoned after World War II, the island is currently a National Wildlife Refuge administered by the US Department of the Interior. -
Geography :: Jarvis Island
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Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and the Cook Islands
0 22 S, 160 01 W
Oceania
about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
0 km
8 km
territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm
tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard
no natural fresh water resources
sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
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People and Society :: Jarvis Island
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uninhabited
note: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service
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Government :: Jarvis Island
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conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jarvis Islandetymology: named after three brothers JARVIS, the owners of the British ship from which the island was discovered in 1821
unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System
the laws of the US apply where applicable
the flag of the US is used
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Transportation :: Jarvis Island
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none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
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Military and Security :: Jarvis Island
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defense is the responsibility of the US; visited periodically by the US Coast Guard
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Transnational Issues :: Jarvis Island
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none